Antipredatory display in Chamaeleo gracilis, Kenya

The Slender Chameleon (Chamaeleo gracilis) of Kenya is not only admired for its subtle camouflage but also for its dramatic defense behavior. When threatened, this species performs a striking antipredatory display documented on video by Mary Greene. The chameleon inflates its body to appear larger, while its skin shifts to vivid, contrasting tones that signal danger. At the same time, it produces loud, vigorous hisses and lunges forward with its mouth wide open, exposing its jaws in a mock attack. This combination of visual exaggeration, acoustic warning, and aggressive bluffing is highly effective in deterring predators, from birds to small mammals. The display demonstrates the evolutionary creativity of chameleons: creatures often seen as passive masters of disguise, yet capable of surprisingly explosive, intimidating performances when survival demands it.

video courtesy Mary Greene, Kenya