Sexually Active Males of Calumma oshaughnessyi Show Reddish head Coloration

Calumma oshaughnessyi is a striking chameleon species endemic to the montane rainforests of eastern Madagascar. Known for its robust build and cryptic coloration, this species thrives in cool, humid environments at elevations typically above 1,000 meters. Males are particularly notable for their dramatic color displays during sexual activity. When courting or asserting dominance, they exhibit vividly colored heads—sometimes glowing white, other times a deep crimson red. These head colors serve as visual signals to females and rival males, reflecting hormonal shifts and social intent. 

 Like many Malagasy chameleons, C. oshaughnessyi faces habitat pressure due to deforestation, making conservation efforts critical. Its behavior and coloration make it a fascinating subject for herpetologists and a vivid example of Madagascar's evolutionary diversity.