“Smallest Shadows of Madagascar: Brookesia peyrierasi

Brookesia peyrierasi Brygoo & Domergue, 1974 is a microendemic chameleon restricted to humid lowland forest fragments around Nosy Mangabe and Maroantsetra in northeastern Madagascar. Adults reach only 30–40 mm total length, ranking among the smallest reptiles globally. Morphologically, it is adapted to a terrestrial, leaf‑litter existence: cryptic brown coloration, non‑prehensile tail, and reduced ornamentation. The species roosts low at night and deposits minute clutches directly into soil or litter. According to the IUCN Red List, B. peyrierasi is classified as Endangered (criteria B1ab(iii)), with an extent of occurrence under 100 km², fragmented populations, and continuing decline due to deforestation, agriculture, and logging. Export quotas under CITES Appendix II were suspended in 2017, reflecting its vulnerability to collection. For herpetologists, B. peyrierasi exemplifies the conservation paradox of Madagascar's microchameleons: extreme specialization and invisibility in the forest floor, yet complete dependence on intact microhabitats now vanishing under anthropogenic pressure.