Before Chameleons Shed Their Old Skin
One of the intriguing aspects of chameleon biology is their shedding process, scientifically known as ecdysis. This natural phenomenon occurs in all reptiles, but chameleons exhibit distinct characteristics that make their shedding process particularly interesting.
Ecdysis & Exuvia
Ecdysis is the term used to describe the process of shedding old skin to allow for growth and to remove parasites and damaged skin. For chameleons, shedding is not merely a routine occurrence; it is quite a significant event in their lifecycle.
Before the actual shedding begins, several changes occur. Chameleons often become noticeably nervous and stressed, displaying behavioral changes that indicate their discomfort. During this pre-shedding phase, they may refuse to eat, which can be concerning for pet owners. Additionally, the skin of a chameleon takes on a whitish hue, signifying that the old skin is ready to be shed. It also loses elasticity and can create unusual folds.
Exuvia (plural: exuviae) is the term used to describe the leftover skin that is shed during the process of ecdysis in reptiles, including chameleons. This old skin is primarily made of keratin, a tough protein that makes up the outer layer of the skin. When a chameleon undergoes shedding, the new skin forms beneath the old layer, which eventually separates and is discarded as exuviae.
The Shedding Process
Once the chameleon is adequately prepared, the shedding process begins. The old skin separates from the new, and the chameleon will start to rub against surfaces to help remove the old layer. This process can last several days and is critical for the chameleon's overall health and well-being. After shedding, chameleons may appear brighter and more vibrant, showcasing a fresh layer of skin that is healthier and more flexible
1. Formation of New Skin: As the chameleon grows, new skin develops beneath the old, keratinized layer. The separations between the new skin and the old skin occur as the animal prepares to shed.
2. Separation of Old Skin: When the old layer separates from the new, it can sometimes come off in one piece, particularly with smaller chameleon species. However, in larger species, such as the Parsons' chameleon, the skin may shed in pieces. This variability can depend on various factors, including the chameleon's age and health.
3. Air Bubbles and Ecdysis: While shedding, air may become trapped between the layers of skin, causing bubbles or pockets. This phenomenon aids in the separation of the old skin from the new. The presence of air can make the shedding process easier, allowing the chameleon to remove its exuviae more effectively. While in many reptiles, the separation of old and new skin is facilitated by a liquid (lymph), chameleons use air. This is why they are called "dry shedders" The skin ready for ecdysis has often a whitish hue. Spraying on heir bodies while shedding may cause shedding problems, as the old layer can get stuck on the new one.
4. Frequency of Shedding: Shedding frequency varies with age. Juvenile chameleons typically shed every 2 to 3 weeks as they grow rapidly. In contrast, fully grown adult chameleons may shed only 1 to 2 times a year. This decrease in shedding frequency is due to slower growth rates and the maturation of their bodies.
